SCIENCE BEHIND

Equine Hanna Somatics® (EHS)

What is POSTURE?

Abnormal or Maladaptive Compensatory Posture

Posture is an unconsciously mediated adaptive process of the nervous system that organizes the body as best it can to remain upright and in equilibrium against gravity and environmental factors, moment by moment, within the range of motion allowed by the current levels of resting myofascial tone. (Mayer 2013)

As horses adapt to their environment, they learn to keep various muscles habitually contracted, creating persistent areas of elevated resting myofascial tonus (aka tension).

It is this persistent tension that pulls the horse out of his or her natural alignment, creates postural patterns, and negatively impacts movement, soundness and well-being.

And once it's learned, it becomes the 'new normal' default posture that is maintained by involuntarily mediated motor output coming from the brain stem...

PHOTOS: Horses who presented with various examples of the characteristic maladaptive compensatory habitual postures typically reversible with Equine Hanna Somatics® Education.

REFERENCES

Cacciatore, T. W., Anderson, D. I., & Cohen, R. G. (2024). Central mechanisms of muscle tone regulation: implications for pain and performance. Frontiers in neuroscience, 18, 1511783. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1511783

Criswell, E. & Mayer, A. (2006-2025) Equine Hanna Somatics® Professional Training Program Manual

Hanna, T. (1988) Somatics - Reawakening the Mind’s Control of Movement, Flexibility and Health. Da Capo Press

The PROBLEM

Chronic tension is a natural adaptive response to stress, trauma and repetitive motion. Manual therapy, stretching and strengthening or conscious efforts at controlling posture or 'relaxing' do not address the centrally controlled 🧠 nervous system complexities underlying muscle tone...(Cacciatore et al. 2024)

Vets, bodyworkers, physiotherapists, riders and trainers have always known relaxation and 'releases' were essential, but they were impossible to define, explain or access on demand. UNTIL NOW.

What is PANDICULATION?

Pandiculation, nature's postural reset.

Pandiculation is a natural behavior that contributes to the development and maintenance of a horse's neuromuscular integrity and mind-body integration at all ages and stages of life.

All animals spontaneously pandiculate, typically after a period of inactivity like sleeping or being confined.

Pandiculation can be done standing or laying down (ie. recumbent), and looks like a symmetrical full-body stretch, often accompanied by a yawn - or it can involve just one or two limbs at a time, or one limb and the neck, or wing… there are many variations on the ways different animals pandiculate.

Foals even pandiculate in their mother’s womb, and have been observed pandiculating up to 80 times per day after being born, as soon as on their 3rd day of life!

PHOTO: Aged Arabian mare demonstrating a spontaneous pandiculation reflex.

REFERENCES

A.F. Fraser, Pandiculation: the comparative phenomenon of systematic stretching, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 23, Issue 3, 1989, Pages 263-268, ISSN 0168-1591, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0168159189901172?via%3Dihub

Bertolucci L. F. (2011). Pandiculation: nature's way of maintaining the functional integrity of the myofascial system?. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 15(3), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.12.006

McGreevy, P. (2012). Equine Behavior, A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists (2nd ed.) Saunders Elsevier

The SOLUTION

Dr. Eleanor Criswell Ed.D. created Equine Hanna Somatics® (EHS) - a hands-on method of helping horses change their own default posture by resetting their resting myofascial tonus (aka chronic tension) back to NORMAL NEUTRAL LEVELS.

EHS is horse-centric somatic education based on the principles of basic neuroscience and the natural tendency of horses to pandiculate.

VOLUNTARY PANDICULATION

EHS is Pandiculation ON-Demand

Instead of treating the horses body manually, we invite the horse to actively participate in the EHS movements, which allows us to work directly with the root-cause of most muscular tension - the brain and the way it organizes the body for movement.

By working WITH the horse's brain to engage the Pandicular Response on-demand, we can access the existing pathways and programs of the horse's nervous system to efficiently target areas of habitual tension - and facilitate the horse in normalizing them from the inside.

Equine Hanna Somatics® is the only system that teaches you how to safely and reliably harness the power of Pandiculation to help horses effect rapid and permanent changes ​to their own baseline levels of muscle tension.

ILLUSTRATION: ©2013 Horse Brain by Barbara Chasteen, from Equine Hanna Somatics - Session 1 (introductory course)

REFERENCES:

Criswell, E. (2021) How Eleanor Criswell Created Equine Hanna Somatics (originally published 1997, Somatics Magazine: Journal of the Bodily Arts and Sciences) https://blog.equinehannasomatics.org/post/creating-equine-hanna-somatics

Hanna, T. (1990) Clinical Somatic Education: A New Discipline in the Field of Healthcare. Somatics Magazine: Journal of the Bodily Arts and Sciences, 4-10.

Before we can accurately assess conformation, asymmetry, soundness, strength or behavioral issues, we must identify and address the involuntary habitual tension that is pulling the horse out of alignment and creating the persistent postural deviations, functional weakness and crookedness everyone is trying to correct.

Characteristic Equine Postural Presentations

The most common maladaptive compensatory postures are caused by habituated stress-responses, which typically present in one of three easily recognizable postural patterns:

The Green Light Reflex

The Green Light Posture shows up when a horse is startled, afraid or excited, and is commonly known as "fight or flight." This is the Startle/Action Response.

Habitual contractions above the vertebral column produce spinal extension, downward pressure on the thorax, a camped out limb position, and...

The Red Light Reflex

The Red Light Posture shows up when a horse is withdrawing from their reality, usually because they cannot escape confinement or pain, and is commonly referred to as "shut down" or "introverted." This is the Withdrawal Response.

Habitual contractions below the vertebral column produce spinal flexion, a camped under limb position, and...

The Trauma Reflex

EHS Equine Trauma Asymmetry Posture

The Trauma/Asymmetry Posture (ie. crookedness) is often mistaken for laterality or "natural asymmetry" and it shows up when a horse is contracting the muscles on one side of their body more strongly than the other. This is an Antalgic (pain-avoidance) Response involving the withdrawal and crossed-extensor reflexes that becomes habituated, or is learned from repetitive motion or asymmetrical bracing...

"The role of Equine Hanna Somatics® is to help a horse's brain recognize inefficient and unconscious muscle contractions that are no longer useful, so they can regain conscious control over their own muscles and, therefore, also regain access to their full range of motion, comfort, strength and endurance.”

- Alissa Mayer, Director of the EHS Professional Training Program

BENEFITS

Case Studies and Published Research

Cognitive Enhancement

Athletic Performance

Injury Prevention

Real-life stories and studies that show the benefits of Hanna Somatic Education on body & mind.

dog pandiculating after canine hanna somatics session

Canine Hanna Somatics® Case Study: Yorkshire Terrier Whose Back Legs Were Collapsing Recovers After One CHS Session

May 04, 20257 min read

Canine Hanna Somatics® Case Study: Meet Ned, an 8 year old Teacup Yorkshire terrier whose back legs were collapsing. Ned was so weak that he couldn’t even cross a doorway with a raised threshold. After just one Canine Hanna Somatics® session, he started a remarkable recovery process that had his owner in shock and tears of joy two weeks later.

In this article, you’ll meet Ned and hear about his first somatics session. Then meet Eleanor Criswell, creator of Equine and Canine Hanna Somatics and Somatic Yoga, and hear from a veterinarian about the benefits of CHS.

When I met Ned, he was so weak that he couldn’t even cross a doorway with a raised threshold. After just one Canine Hanna Somatics® session, he started a remarkable recovery process that had his owner in shock and tears of joy two weeks later. Stories like this are why I love my job…

Here’s Ned’s story.

Ned fell down some stairs as a puppy at just one year of age and injured his lumbar area. This resulted in two herniated discs. He also had a heart condition, diagnosed by his veterinarian at that time, that prevented him from having any corrective surgery.

Ned recovered and lived an active life until age 5, when he began to have difficulty walking. He started to hop instead of stride due to his hind legs collapsing, and had a hard time going up and down stairs.

For years, Ned had spent most of his time sitting with his pelvis tilted to one side or the other, both hind limbs extended out to the side in the same direction. Walking seemed exhausting for the little guy, and he rarely left the house. He had had some acupuncture and red light therapy with no noticeable improvement.

Ned’s First Canine Hanna Somatics Session:

Working with little Ned stretched out in my lap, I took him through his first session of Canine Hanna Somatics (CHS). He was so tiny I was just using my fingertips to guide him gently through the CHS Protocol. The session lasted about 40 minutes, after which Ned became too relaxed and drowsy to continue to participate, and he wobbled off to bed to sleep soundly for the rest of the night.

The next day, Ned followed his owner out to the covered arena, over 100 meters from the house. He was energetic and alert and walking more than he had the day before. Ned was also able to cover more ground and move with more speed. He was observed sitting in a more balanced position with both hind limbs folded under his pelvis in at least two instances.

Ned’s owner was blown away by how much a single session of CHS helped her little guy. He went from hopping and gimping along with both hind feet close together, unable to even cross the threshold between the mud-room and the kitchen, to scampering and playing, moving all four legs normally and following her to the barn multiple times.

He even climbed all the stairs to roam around on the second story of her vintage Vermont farmhouse – something he hadn’t been able to do in YEARS.

Here’s what she reported to me 2 weeks later:

“Hey, just wanted you to know I found Ned on the porch this morning. He climbed two steps on his own. THEN I found him upstairs after I got home from errands….having climbed 15-20 stairs. Holy, Moly! He hasn’t been able to climb a single stair in like a year. So cool. Up until the past two weeks he has been only able to walk for short periods of time. Today, I had a hard time finding him, he was so active. Thank you!” - JJ, Ned’s person

Yorkie teacup terrier

What is Canine Hanna Somatics® (CHS)?

Canine Hanna Somatics is a gentle hands-on method for dog owners to use to improve overall mobility and ease of movement, comfort and well-being for dogs of all ages – but is especially useful for aging or working dogs!

CHS is based on the principles of Hanna Somatic Education® – using voluntary pandiculation to help dogs regain conscious control of their neuromuscular system to overcome movement and sounds issues related to muscular disorders of an involuntary (or unconscious) nature. This gentle approach will help you help your dog to let go of chronic tension and compensatory patterns learned from training, trauma, repetitive motion or just every-day life.

These muscle contractions are frequently responsible for the loss of mobility, energy and general enjoyment of life as dogs age, and can be reversed with CHS exercises!

When you do CHS with your dog, you are working directly WITH the dogs brain, instead of working ON their body... so even though it looks a lot like it, CHS isn't actually bodywork, but is an educational and experiential process that we facilitate for the dog.

The Benefits of Canine Hanna Somatics

  • greater ease of movement

  • increased mobility & comfort

  • Performance enhancement

  • stronger dog-human bond

  • General wellness & well-being

  • Reverse many of the symptoms of aging

  • Maintenance between professional CHS sessions

  • And more!

Canine Hanna Somatics is Veterinarian Recommended

In this video, listen to a conversation between Eleanor Criswell, creator of CHS, and Dr. Biery DVM

Why do dogs suffer from rear leg weakness or suddenly start panting?

Panting without exertion is usually a sign of pain. When accompanied by shaking or a dogs hind legs collapsing it’s generally an indication of a neuromuscular problem. Symptoms can include muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness and spasm, and is typically caused by one of the following:

Myopathies

• dysfunction of the muscle fibers that is not caused by nerve disorders

Neuropathies

• damage or dysfunction of the nerves themselves

Junctionopathies

• dysfunction where the nerves and muscles come together

Causes of myopathies or neuropathies may be inflammatory or non-inflammatory. Residual muscle or nerve damage from prior injuries may contribute to the sudden onset of a dog whose hind legs are collapsing.

Often we will also notice some distorted posture caused by chronic muscle contractions that have become involuntary in nature. What the owner usually observes is that the dog just ‘doesn’t look right’ or can’t play like they used to.

Does sudden giving out of the hind legs only affect senior dogs?

The short answer is NO.

Dogs of any age can be susceptible to any of the three areas of disfunction described above. In addition to a dogs hind legs collapsing, the front legs can also be affected.

Degenerative Myopathy is usually an inherited disease, caused by a gene that some puppies are born with, and can affect the whole body. It’s also possible for a dog to acquire myopathies like muscle cramps and chronic stiffness.

The older your dog is, the more likely they are to be affected by hind leg weakness.

It’s difficult to determine the exact cause of a dogs hind end weakness without extensive diagnostic testing. Even then, a common diagnosis of Osteoarthritis, Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), Lumbosacral Disease or Degenerative Myopathy is not always 100% accurate.

Regardless of the specific diagnosis, there is hope for your dog even after it looks like his or her hind legs are collapsing! As long as it isn’t cancer, Canine Hanna Somatics can probably help!

How to Help Strengthen a Dog whose Hind Legs are Collapsing

The best approach is to use Canine Hanna Somatics as prevention at the first sign your dog’s hind legs are collapsing or showing weakness. CHS is also helpful for dogs with severe hind end weakness that has been present for months or years, as with little Ned.

When you do CHS with your dog, you will be using your hands to guide your dog. You’ll follow a simple movement protocol to help the dog access and awaken muscles affected by Motor-Sensory Amnesia (MSA) - a condition of chronic muscle contractions that have become part of your dog’s “new normal.” As the nervous system adapts to it’s environment, the dogs brain actually forgets what it used to feel like, forgets how to go back to neutral muscle tone, and that leads to soreness, weakness, shaking, numbness, and general muscle dysfunction. It happens to all of us at times, dogs, horses and humans too!

When you guide your dog through the Canine Hanna Somatics exercises, which are based on the dogs natural tendency to pandiculate, it is a cooperative session between you and your dog. The sensation of resetting the muscles is very pleasant and relaxing for the dog (and for you) so one of the benefits is that your dog will associate the pleasant experience with the person doing the session (that’s you!) This will strengthen your bond and the trust between you, in addition to improving your dogs overall mobility and comfort.

If you’d like to learn how to work somatically with your dog, join us for one of our live CHS1 Introductory Workshops offered via Zoom. Details here: https://equinehannasomatics.org/chs-workshops

Eleanor criswelldog nervous systemyorkie terriercanine rehabaging dog hind legschs workshopdog somatics
blog author image

Alissa Mayer BSc(Equine) C-EHSE

Alissa Mayer is the Director of the Equine Hanna Somatics Professional Training & Certification Program and founder of the Association for Equine Hanna Somatics Education (AEHSE).

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EHS is not something that can be done TO a horse by the practitioner, but is a voluntary activity the horse engages in - a conversation the horse has WITH their own nervous system.

GET THE INTRODUCTORY ONLINE COURSE:

Equine Hanna Somatics - Session 1

Equine Hanna Somatics® is the only system that teaches you how to harness the powerful natural reflex of Pandiculation to help horses effect rapid and semi-permanent changes ​to their own baseline levels of muscle tension - from within.

Disclaimer: Equine/Canine/Human Hanna Somatics is not bodywork or manual therapy, and is not a diagnostic or treatment tool. The information included on this website and in any affiliated programs is is intended for educational purposes only and is not meant to take the place of professional veterinary or medical advice, may not be current, and is subject to change without notice. We encourage all members of the community to seek guidance from a licensed veterinarian, physician or allied healthcare practitioner regarding specific medical concerns or questions about your own or your animal’s health.

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